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Showing posts from July, 2023

CONTENTMENT, BASIS FOR A PEACEFUL FAMILY LIFE

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: MONDAY, 31ST JULY, 2023  TOPIC: CONTENTMENT, BASIS FOR A PEACEFUL FAMILY LIFE  TEXT: PROVERBS 16:31-17:8 31  The silver-haired head [is] a crown of glory, [If] it is found in the way of righteousness. 32  [He who is] slow to anger [is] better than the mighty, And he who rules his spirit than he who takes a city. 33  The lot is cast into the lap, But its every decision [is] from the LORD. 17:1 Better [is] a dry morsel with quietness, Than a house full of feasting [with] strife. 2 A wise servant will rule over a son who causes shame, And will share an inheritance among the brothers. 3 The refining pot [is] for silver and the furnace for gold, But the LORD tests the hearts. 4 An evildoer gives heed to false lips; A liar listens eagerly to a spiteful tongue. 5  He who mocks the poor reproaches his Maker; He who is glad at calamity will not go unpunished. 6  Children's children [are] the crown

SANCTIFICATION THROUGH THE WORD OF GOD

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: SUNDAY, 30TH JULY, 2023 (EIGHT SUNDAY AFTER TRINITY) TOPIC: SANCTIFICATION THROUGH THE WORD OF GOD TEXT: JOHN 17:11-19 11.  "Now I am no longer in the world, but these are in the world, and I come to You. Holy Father, keep through Your name those whom You have given Me, that they may be one as We [are.] 12.  "While I was with them in the world, I kept them in Your name. Those whom You gave Me I have kept; and none of them is lost except the son of perdition, that the Scripture might be fulfilled. 13.  "But now I come to You, and these things I speak in the world, that they may have My joy fulfilled in themselves. 14.  "I have given them Your word; and the world has hated them because they are not of the world, just as I am not of the world. 15.  "I do not pray that You should take them out of the world, but that You should keep them from the evil one. 16.  "They a

COME TO JESUS BY FAITH; HE WILL HANDLE YOUR CASE

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: SATURDAY, 29TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: COME TO JESUS BY FAITH; HE WILL HANDLE YOUR CASE TEXT: MARK 5:21-44 21.  Now when Jesus had crossed over again by boat to the other side, a great multitude gathered to Him; and He was by the sea. 22.  And behold, one of the rulers of the synagogue came, Jairus by name. And when he saw Him, he fell at His feet 23.  and begged Him earnestly, saying, "My little daughter lies at the point of death. Come and lay Your hands on her, that she may be healed, and she will live." 24.  So [Jesus] went with him, and a great multitude followed Him and thronged Him. 25.  Now a certain woman had a flow of blood for twelve years, 26.  and had suffered many things from many physicians. She had spent all that she had and was no better, but rather grew worse. 27.  When she heard about Jesus, she came behind [Him] in the crowd and touched His garment. 28.  For she said,

JESUS HAS AUTHORITY OVER EVERY STORM

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: THURSDAY, 27TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: JESUS HAS AUTHORITY OVER EVERY STORM TEXT: MARK 4:35-41 35.  On the same day, when evening had come, He said to them, "Let us cross over to the other side." 36.  Now when they had left the multitude, they took Him along in the boat as He was. And other little boats were also with Him. 37.  And a great windstorm arose, and the waves beat into the boat, so that it was already filling. 38.  But He was in the stern, asleep on a pillow. And they awoke Him and said to Him, "Teacher, do You not care that we are perishing?" 39.  Then He arose and rebuked the wind, and said to the sea, "Peace, be still!" And the wind ceased and there was a great calm. 40.  But He said to them, "Why are you so fearful? How [is it] that you have no faith?" 41.  And they feared exceedingly, and said to one another, "Who can this be, that even t

SHOW YOUR LIGHT

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: WEDNESDAY, 26TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: SHOW YOUR LIGHT TEXT: MARK 4:21-34 21.  Also He said to them, "Is a lamp brought to be put under a basket or under a bed? Is it not to be set on a lampstand? 22.  "For there is nothing hidden which will not be revealed, nor has anything been kept secret but that it should come to light. 23.  "If anyone has ears to hear, let him hear." 24.  Then He said to them, "Take heed what you hear. With the same measure you use, it will be measured to you; and to you who hear, more will be given. 25.  "For whoever has, to him more will be given; but whoever does not have, even what he has will be taken away from him." 26.  And He said, "The kingdom of God is as if a man should scatter seed on the ground, 27.  "and should sleep by night and rise by day, and the seed should sprout and grow, he himself does not know how. 28.  &qu

We are not Alone, God is with us - Dr Dajur

Dearly beloved in Christ Jesus, In this times of stress and anxiety, it is important to remember that we are not alone. The Bible reminds us that God is always with us, ready to offer comfort and strength. In Matthew 11:28, Jesus says, “Come to me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest.” These words are gentle invitation to lay our worries and burdens at His feet. When we feel overwhelmed, it is natural to try to handle everything on our own. However, God wants us to trust Him and rely on His guidance. In Philippians 4:6-7, we are reminded to “not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus.” God’s peace is not dependent on our circumstances but is a gift that surpasses human understanding. It is a peace that calms our hearts and minds, assuring us that He is in

LEADERSHIP IS SERVICE

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: TUESDAY, 25TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: LEADERSHIP IS SERVICE TEXT: MARK 10:35-45 35.  Then James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came to Him, saying, "Teacher, we want You to do for us whatever we ask." 36.  And He said to them, "What do you want Me to do for you?" 37.  They said to Him, "Grant us that we may sit, one on Your right hand and the other on Your left, in Your glory." 38.  But Jesus said to them, "You do not know what you ask. Are you able to drink the cup that I drink, and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with?" 39.  They said to Him, "We are able." So Jesus said to them, "You will indeed drink the cup that I drink, and with the baptism I am baptized with you will be baptized; 40.  "but to sit on My right hand and on My left is not Mine to give, but [it is for those] for whom it is prepared." 41.  And when th

WHAT TYPE OF GROUND IS YOUR HEART?

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: MONDAY, 24TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: WHAT TYPE OF GROUND IS YOUR HEART? TEXT: MARK 4:1-20 1. And again He began to teach by the sea. And a great multitude was gathered to Him, so that He got into a boat and sat [in it] on the sea; and the whole multitude was on the land facing the sea. 2. Then He taught them many things by parables, and said to them in His teaching: 3. "Listen! Behold, a sower went out to sow. 4. "And it happened, as he sowed, [that] some [seed] fell by the wayside; and the birds of the air came and devoured it. 5.  "Some fell on stony ground, where it did not have much earth; and immediately it sprang up because it had no depth of earth. 6.  "But when the sun was up it was scorched, and because it had no root it withered away. 7.  "And some [seed] fell among thorns; and the thorns grew up and choked it, and it yielded no crop. 8.  "But other [seed] fe

LEARN TO CELEBRATE YOUR VICTORIES

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: FRIDAY, 21ST JULY, 2023  TOPIC: LEARN TO CELEBRATE YOUR VICTORIES TEXT: ESTHER 9:20-10:3 20.  And Mordecai wrote these things and sent letters to all the Jews, near and far, who [were] in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, 21.  to establish among them that they should celebrate yearly the fourteenth and fifteenth days of the month of Adar, 22.  as the days on which the Jews had rest from their enemies, as the month which was turned from sorrow to joy for them, and from mourning to a holiday; that they should make them days of feasting and joy, of sending presents to one another and gifts to the poor. 23.  So the Jews accepted the custom which they had begun, as Mordecai had written to them, 24.  because Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, the enemy of all the Jews, had plotted against the Jews to annihilate them, and had cast Pur (that [is,] the lot), to consume them and destroy them;

JOY COMES IN THE MORNING

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: THURSDAY, 20TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: JOY COMES IN THE MORNING  TEXT: ESTHER 9:1-19 1. Now in the twelfth month, that [is,] the month of Adar, on the thirteenth day, [the time] came for the king's command and his decree to be executed. On the day that the enemies of the Jews had hoped to overpower them, the opposite occurred, in that the Jews themselves overpowered those who hated them. 2. The Jews gathered together in their cities throughout all the provinces of King Ahasuerus to lay hands on those who sought their harm. And no one could withstand them, because fear of them fell upon all people. 3. And all the officials of the provinces, the satraps, the governors, and all those doing the king's work, helped the Jews, because the fear of Mordecai fell upon them. 4. For Mordecai [was] great in the king's palace, and his fame spread throughout all the provinces; for this man Mordecai be

DO NOT BE SELF-CENTERED

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: WEDNESDAY, 19TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: DO NOT BE SELF-CENTERED TEXT: ESTHER 8:1-17 1. On that day King Ahasuerus gave Queen Esther the house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews. And Mordecai came before the king, for Esther had told how he [was related] to her. 2. So the king took off his signet ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai; and Esther appointed Mordecai over the house of Haman. 3. Now Esther spoke again to the king, fell down at his feet, and implored him with tears to counteract the evil of Haman the Agagite, and the scheme which he had devised against the Jews. 4. And the king held out the golden scepter toward Esther. So Esther arose and stood before the king, 5.  and said, "If it pleases the king, and if I have found favor in his sight and the thing [seems] right to the king and I am pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to revoke the letters devised by Hama

DESIST FROM EVIL, IT WILL BACKFIRE!

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: TUESDAY, 18TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: DESIST FROM EVIL, IT WILL BACKFIRE! TEXT: ESTHER 7:1-10 1. So the king and Haman went to dine with Queen Esther. 2. And on the second day, at the banquet of wine, the king again said to Esther, "What [is] your petition, Queen Esther? It shall be granted you. And what [is] your request, up to half the kingdom? It shall be done!" 3. Then Queen Esther answered and said, "If I have found favor in your sight, O king, and if it pleases the king, let my life be given me at my petition, and my people at my request. 4. "For we have been sold, my people and I, to be destroyed, to be killed, and to be annihilated. Had we been sold as male and female slaves, I would have held my tongue, although the enemy could never compensate for the king's loss." 5.  So King Ahasuerus answered and said to Queen Esther, "Who is he, and where is he, who w

GOD REWARDS GOOD DEEDS

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: MONDAY, 17TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: GOD REWARDS GOOD DEEDS TEXT: ESTHER 6:1-14 1. That night the king could not sleep. So one was commanded to bring the book of the records of the chronicles; and they were read before the king. 2. And it was found written that Mordecai had told of Bigthana and Teresh, two of the king's eunuchs, the doorkeepers who had sought to lay hands on King Ahasuerus. 3. Then the king said, "What honor or dignity has been bestowed on Mordecai for this?" And the king's servants who attended him said, "Nothing has been done for him." 4. So the king said, "Who [is] in the court?" Now Haman had [just] entered the outer court of the king's palace to suggest that the king hang Mordecai on the gallows that he had prepared for him. 5.  The king's servants said to him, "Haman is there, standing in the court." And the king said, &

REMEMBER LOT'S WIFE

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: SATURDAY, 15TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: REMEMBER LOT'S WIFE TEXT: LUKE 17:30-37 30.  "Even so will it be in the day when the Son of Man is revealed. 31.  "In that day, he who is on the housetop, and his goods [are] in the house, let him not come down to take them away. And likewise the one who is in the field, let him not turn back. 32.  "Remember Lot's wife. 33.  "Whoever seeks to save his life will lose it, and whoever loses his life will preserve it. 34.  "I tell you, in that night there will be two [men] in one bed: the one will be taken and the other will be left. 35.  "Two [women] will be grinding together: the one will be taken and the other left. 36.  "Two [men] will be in the field: the one will be taken and the other left." 37.  And they answered and said to Him, "Where, Lord?" So He said to them, "Wherever the body is, there t

THE KINGDOM OF GOD IS WITHIN YOU

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: FRIDAY, 14TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: THE KINGDOM OF GOD IS WITHIN YOU TEXT: LUKE 17:20-29 20.  Now when He was asked by the Pharisees when the kingdom of God would come, He answered them and said, "The kingdom of God does not come with observation; 21.  "nor will they say, 'See here!' or 'See there!' For indeed, the kingdom of God is within you." 22.  Then He said to the disciples, "The days will come when you will desire to see one of the days of the Son of Man, and you will not see [it.] 23.  "And they will say to you, 'Look here!' or 'Look there!' Do not go after [them] or follow [them.] 24.  "For as the lightning that flashes out of one [part] under heaven shines to the other [part] under heaven, so also the Son of Man will be in His day. 25.  "But first He must suffer many things and be rejected by this generation. 26.  "A

JESUS TEACHES HOW TO FORGIVE

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: WEDNESDAY, 12TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: JESUS TEACHES HOW TO FORGIVE TEXT: LUKE 17:1-10 1. Then He said to the disciples, "It is impossible that no offenses should come, but woe [to him] through whom they do come! 2. "It would be better for him if a millstone were hung around his neck, and he were thrown into the sea, than that he should offend one of these little ones. 3. "Take heed to yourselves. If your brother sins against you, rebuke him; and if he repents, forgive him. 4. "And if he sins against you seven times in a day, and seven times in a day returns to you, saying, 'I repent,' you shall forgive him." 5.  And the apostles said to the Lord, "Increase our faith." 6.  So the Lord said, "If you have faith as a mustard seed, you can say to this mulberry tree, 'Be pulled up by the roots and be planted in the sea,' and it would obey you. 7. 

ALWAYS CONSIDER THE LESS-PRIVILEGED

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: TUESDAY, 11TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: ALWAYS CONSIDER THE LESS-PRIVILEGED TEXT: LUKE 16:19-31 19.  " There was a certain rich man who was clothed in purple and fine linen and fared sumptuously every day. 20.  "But there was a certain beggar named Lazarus, full of sores, who was laid at his gate, 21.  "desiring to be fed with the crumbs which fell from the rich man's table. Moreover the dogs came and licked his sores. 22.  "So it was that the beggar died, and was carried by the angels to Abraham's bosom. The rich man also died and was buried. 23.  "And being in torments in Hades, he lifted up his eyes and saw Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom. 24.  "Then he cried and said, 'Father Abraham, have mercy on me, and send Lazarus that he may dip the tip of his finger in water and cool my tongue; for I am tormented in this flame.' 25.  "But Abraha

LEARN TO BE PRUDENT.

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: MONDAY, 10TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: LEARN TO BE PRUDENT.  TEXT: LUKE 16:1-18 1. He also said to His disciples: "There was a certain rich man who had a steward, and an accusation was brought to him that this man was wasting his goods. 2. "So he called him and said to him, 'What is this I hear about you? Give an account of your stewardship, for you can no longer be steward.' 3. "Then the steward said within himself, 'What shall I do? For my master is taking the stewardship away from me. I cannot dig; I am ashamed to beg. 4. 'I have resolved what to do, that when I am put out of the stewardship, they may receive me into their houses.' 5.  "So he called every one of his master's debtors to [him,] and said to the first, 'How much do you owe my master?' 6.  "And he said, 'A hundred measures of oil.' So he said to him, 'Take your bill,

BEWARE! YOU ARE THE TARGET OF THE ENEMY

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: SATURDAY, 8TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: BEWARE! YOU ARE THE TARGET OF THE ENEMY TEXT: ESTHER 5:1-14 1. Now it happened on the third day that Esther put on [her] royal [robes] and stood in the inner court of the king's palace, across from the king's house, while the king sat on his royal throne in the royal house, facing the entrance of the house. 2. So it was, when the king saw Queen Esther standing in the court, [that] she found favor in his sight, and the king held out to Esther the golden scepter that [was] in his hand. Then Esther went near and touched the top of the scepter. 3. And the king said to her, "What do you wish, Queen Esther? What [is] your request? It shall be given to you -- up to half the kingdom!" 4. So Esther answered, "If it pleases the king, let the king and Haman come today to the banquet that I have prepared for him." 5.  Then the king said, "B

USE YOUR POSITION TO BRING JOY TO PEOPLE

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: FRIDAY, 7TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: USE YOUR POSITION TO BRING JOY TO PEOPLE TEXT: ESTHER 4:1-17 1. When Mordecai learned all that had happened, he tore his clothes and put on sackcloth and ashes, and went out into the midst of the city. He cried out with a loud and bitter cry. 2. He went as far as the front of the king's gate, for no one [might] enter the king's gate clothed with sackcloth. 3. And in every province where the king's command and decree arrived, [there was] great mourning among the Jews, with fasting, weeping, and wailing; and many lay in sackcloth and ashes. 4. So Esther's maids and eunuchs came and told her, and the queen was deeply distressed. Then she sent garments to clothe Mordecai and take his sackcloth away from him, but he would not accept [them.] 5.  Then Esther called Hathach, [one] of the king's eunuchs whom he had appointed to attend her, and she gave

THE ENEMY SHALL NOT PROSPER OVER YOU

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: THURSDAY, 6TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: THE ENEMY SHALL NOT PROSPER OVER YOU  TEXT: ESTHER 3:1-15 1. After these things King Ahasuerus promoted Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, and advanced him and set his seat above all the princes who [were] with him. 2. And all the king's servants who [were] within the king's gate bowed and paid homage to Haman, for so the king had commanded concerning him. But Mordecai would not bow or pay homage. 3. Then the king's servants who [were] within the king's gate said to Mordecai, "Why do you transgress the king's command?" 4. Now it happened, when they spoke to him daily and he would not listen to them, that they told [it] to Haman, to see whether Mordecai's words would stand; for [Mordecai] had told them that he [was] a Jew. 5.  When Haman saw that Mordecai did not bow or pay him homage, Haman was filled with wrath. 6.  But

ESTHER OBTAINED FAVOUR: GOD WILL FAVOUR YOU TODAY!

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: WEDNESDAY, 5TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: ESTHER OBTAINED FAVOUR: GOD WILL FAVOUR YOU TODAY! TEXT: ESTHER 2:1-23 1. After these things, when the wrath of King Ahasuerus subsided, he remembered Vashti, what she had done, and what had been decreed against her. 2. Then the king's servants who attended him said: "Let beautiful young virgins be sought for the king; 3. "and let the king appoint officers in all the provinces of his kingdom, that they may gather all the beautiful young virgins to Shushan the citadel, into the women's quarters, under the custody of Hegai the king's eunuch, custodian of the women. And let beauty preparations be given [them.] 4. "Then let the young woman who pleases the king be queen instead of Vashti." This thing pleased the king, and he did so. 5.  In Shushan the citadel there was a certain Jew whose name [was] Mordecai the son of Jair, the son

YOU ARE NOT TOO BIG TO SERVE THE KING.

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: TUESDAY, 4TH JULY, 2023  TOPIC: YOU ARE NOT TOO BIG TO SERVE THE KING.  TEXT: ESTHER 1:1-22 1. Now it came to pass in the days of Ahasuerus (this [was] the Ahasuerus who reigned over one hundred and twenty-seven provinces, from India to Ethiopia), 2. in those days when King Ahasuerus sat on the throne of his kingdom, which [was] in Shushan the citadel, 3. [that] in the third year of his reign he made a feast for all his officials and servants -- the powers of Persia and Media, the nobles, and the princes of the provinces [being] before him -- 4. when he showed the riches of his glorious kingdom and the splendor of his excellent majesty for many days, one hundred and eighty days [in all.] 5.  And when these days were completed, the king made a feast lasting seven days for all the people who were present in Shushan the citadel, from great to small, in the court of the garden of the king's pa

BE COURAGEOUS

THE DAILY FOUNTAIN DAILY DEVOTIONAL GUIDE OF THE CHURCH OF NIGERIA (ANGLICAN COMMUNION) DATE: MONDAY, 3RD JULY, 2023 (ST. THOMAS THE APOSTLE) TOPIC: BE COURAGEOUS TEXT: JOHN 20:24-29 24.  Now Thomas, called the Twin, one of the twelve, was not with them when Jesus came. 25.  The other disciples therefore said to him, "We have seen the Lord." So he said to them, "Unless I see in His hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and put my hand into His side, I will not believe." 26.  And after eight days His disciples were again inside, and Thomas with them. Jesus came, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, "Peace to you!" 27.  Then He said to Thomas, "Reach your finger here, and look at My hands; and reach your hand [here,] and put [it] into My side. Do not be unbelieving, but believing." 28.  And Thomas answered and said to Him, "My Lord and my God!" 29.  Jesus said to him, "Thomas,